Relación entre espiritualidad y bienestar emocional en pacientes oncológicos paliativos: estudio preliminar / Relationships between spirituality and emotional well-being in palliative care cancer: a preliminary study

OBJETIVO: Examinar la relación entre la percepción de espiritualidad y bienestar emocional a través de la evaluación subjetiva de ansiedad como estado y depresión en pacientes oncológicos en cuidados paliativos en Ecuador. MÉTODO: Se evaluaron 74 pacientes de cáncer en cuidados paliativos (19 varones y 55 mujeres) con edades entre 24 y 88 años (M = 58,07; DT = 13,84). Se administraron: FACIT-Sp-12, STAI-E y PHQ-9 para evaluar espiritualidad y sus dimensiones (significado, paz y fe), ansiedad-estado y depresión, respectivamente. RESULTADOS: Los análisis de clúster, jerárquico y basado en k-medias, indicaron cuatro clúster. Dos clúster ofrecieron niveles altos y bajos respectivamente en espiritualidad, con correspondientes puntajes en ansiedad y depresión, bajos en el primer caso y elevados en el segundo. Niveles medios de espiritualidad se asociaron con niveles medios en bienestar emocional. Finalmente, se destacó un clúster que representó elevados niveles en fe y medios en paz y significado, que no demostraron diferencias en bienestar emocional, pero sí en variables sociodemográficas como nivel educativo y edad. DISCUSIÓN Y CONCLUSIÓN: La espiritualidad resulta relevante para la ansiedad y depresión. La dimensión de espiritualidad y fe parece diferenciarse de significado y paz, si bien su impacto sobre el afecto negativo no resulta claro. Se considera la implicación clínica de la espiritualidad en el bienestar de los pacientes

OBJECTIVE: To examine the role spirituality plays on mental health through an assessment of state anxiety and depression in palliative care cancer patients in Ecuador. METHOD: Data were collected from 74 palliative care patients with cancer (19 men and 55 women) aged between 24 and 88 years (M = 58.07; SD = 13.84). We administered the following self-reported measures: FACIT-Sp-12, STAI-E, and PHQ-9 to evaluate spirituality and its dimensions (meaning, peace, faith), state anxiety, and depression, respectively. RESULTS: A cluster analysis, both hierarchical and based on k-means, revealed four clusters. Two clusters provided high and low scores in spirituality, respectively, with scores for anxiety and depression being low and high, respectively. Furthermore, intermediate levels of spirituality were associated with intermediate scores in emotional well-being. Finally, the last cluster represented high levels in faith and intermediate levels for peace and meaning, which did not yield significant differences in emotional well-being. Instead, there were differences in education and age. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Spirituality is relevant for anxiety and depression. The faith dimension of spirituality differs from meaning and peace, albeit its impact on negative affect remains unclear. Clinical implications for patient well-being are discussed

La Ciudad de las Niñas y los Niños de Huesca, una oportunidad en el diseño de entornos y políticas públicas saludables / The City of Girls and Boys of Huesca (Spain), an opportunity for designing healthy environment and public policies

La Ciudad de las Niñas y los Niños es un proyecto internacional que pretende fomentar la autonomía y la participación infantil plena en la construcción de la ciudad. Tras aprobarse en 2011 en el pleno del Ayuntamiento de Huesca, se crearon el Consejo de las Niñas y los Niños y el Laboratorio de la Ciudad, órganos en los que hay representación de todos los colegios de Huesca. Para hacer explícito el trabajo sobre la salud se han incorporado actividades como «Caminos saludables», en la que se utiliza la técnica del mapeo de activos. Además del trabajo interdisciplinario entre distintas áreas del ayuntamiento, profesionales de los sectores educativo (colegios y universidad), sanitario y social, se observan impactos en el entorno físico urbano, con la remodelación de un parque, una calle y una plaza; y en los estilos de vida de los escolares, al aumentar el número de aquellos que van andando solos al colegio

The City of Girls and Boys of Huesca (Spain) is an international project that seeks to foster children's autonomy and full participation in the construction of the city. Following its formal approval at the City Council of Huesca, the Girls and Boys Board and the City Laboratory were created, both of which include children from all the schools of Huesca. To highlightthe work on health, activities such as "Healthy School Paths", in which the asset mapping technique is used, were incorporated. Besides the interdisciplinary work among different areas of the city council, professionals from education (schools and university), health and social services, effects on the urban physical environment, with one street, park and square remodelled; and on the children's lifestyles, with more children walking to school alone, have been observed

Children's Social Integration and Low Perception of Negative Relationships as Protectors Against Bullying and Cyberbullying.

The aim was to investigate the factors associated with the diverse bullying forms suffered by a victim (relational, aggressive and cyberbullying) by considering the mediating role of the quality of coexistence in school: social integration and perception about relationships among peers. We evaluated data about 42 schools (79.5% public) in a sample of 3,407 students (47.6% boys and 52.4% girls) from the Primary Education. The mediational analyses indicated that, to predict all the bullying forms, a greater sense of social integration and a perception of low negative relationships were mediators, and social integration was the factor that most strongly correlated with bullying, especially relational bullying. We found that the number of good friends and negative relationships together predicted social integration, and the school type predicted negative relationships and number of good friends. The implications for education programs and policy are discussed.

Parents' Willingness and Perception of Children's Autonomy as Predictors of Greater Independent Mobility to School.

The present study aimed to examine the factors associated with different forms of independent mobility (IM) to school (IM one way and IM both ways) according to their parents' opinions. To do so, several variables were evaluated: how parents assess their children's autonomy, the difficulty they perceive for IM to school, reasons for IM/no IM to school, parents' willingness for IM to school, frequency of children's IM for leisure activities, children having house keys and dangers perceived in the neighborhood. Family-related socio-demographic variables were also assessed: number of children, position occupied by them in the family, family composition, living with both parents or just one, and each parent's nationality, level of education and job status. This study examined the data collected from 1450 parents (mothers and fathers) with children studying Primary Education years 4, 5 and 6 (M age = 10.53, SD = 0.90). The results showed that 42.3% of the schoolchildren did not practice IM to school, 18.1% practiced IM one way (they went to or from school alone), and 39.5% practiced IM both way (they went to/from school alone). These findings underline the importance of parents' willingness for IM to school, and how the balance between how they perceive their children's autonomy and difficulty for IM is relevant for greater IM to school.

Effects of Intervention Program Prev@cib on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying.

Due to the negative consequences of being bullied and the increase in cyberbullying among adolescents, there is a need for evidence-based programs to prevent and intervene in these types of peer violence. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Prev@cib bullying and cyberbullying program, drawing on three theoretical frameworks: the ecological model, empowerment theory, and the model of personal and social responsibility. The Prev@cib program was evaluated using a repeated-measures pre-post-test design with an experimental group and a control group. The sample consisted of 660 adolescents between 12 and 17 years old (M = 13.58, SD = 1.26), randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Repeated-measures ANOVA of pre-post-test scores were conducted. Results showed a significant decrease in bullying and victimization and cyberbullying and cybervictimization in the experimental group, compared to the control group, indicating that the Prev@cib program is effective in reducing bullying and cyberbullying. Taking into account the harmful effects of these types of violence, the results have important implications in the prevention of these behaviors because they provide scientific evidence of the program's effectiveness.

[The City of Girls and Boys of Huesca (Spain), an opportunity for designing healthy environment and public policies]. / La Ciudad de las Niñas y los Niños de Huesca, una oportunidad en el diseño de entornos y políticas públicas saludables.

The City of Girls and Boys of Huesca (Spain) is an international project that seeks to foster children's autonomy and full participation in the construction of the city. Following its formal approval at the City Council of Huesca, the Girls and Boys Board and the City Laboratory were created, both of which include children from all the schools of Huesca. To highlightthe work on health, activities such as "Healthy School Paths", in which the asset mapping technique is used, were incorporated. Besides the interdisciplinary work among different areas of the city council, professionals from education (schools and university), health and social services, effects on the urban physical environment, with one street, park and square remodelled; and on the children's lifestyles, with more children walking to school alone, have been observed.